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п»ї<title>Do you know the type D personality? Find out how it influences us</title>
Attempts to enumerate personality types and disorders have been many throughout history, with mixed success and reception. We can find remote antecedents in the description of the four hippocratic temperaments: the melancholic (pessimistic), sanguine (optimistic), choleric (irritable) and phlegmatic (apathetic).
These temperaments were determined by the relative proportion of the four bodily humors (black bile, blood, yellow bile and phlegm). It is interesting to note that the early Greek theory of these temperaments already reflected current attempts to discover the biogenetic basis of personality.
We can speak of personality as a mixture of temperamental factors (determined by biology) and characterological factors (determined by the environment). Thus, the personality of each individual is influenced by both heredity and environment.
There is some consensus in understanding personality as the union of two entities. These components of personality would be the following:
Temperament. This refers to the innate, genetic and constitutional influences that influence personality.
Character. This refers to psychosocial, learned factors that influence personality. Much of character is formed through experience and the process of socialization.
Personality and healthWhat is the reason why, among all those people who have a certain genetic marker for a certain disease, some develop it and others do not? In this sense, the role played by the individual's personality in the predisposition and subsequent development of the disorder becomes relevant.
Is personality associated with certain patterns of psychophysiological response? What psychophysiological patterns regulate predisposition to disease? The relationship between personality and disease, between the psychological and the physiological, is not easy to establish; in fact, we still have many questions surrounding it.
Different personality or behavioral patterns have been established to try to answer these questions. Thus, the models centered on personality traits, proposed by Suls and Rittenhouse (1990), attempt to explain the relationship between behavior and health on the basis of the temperamental and character traits that determine the way people act.
Behavioral patternsThe behavioral or personality patterns referred to above have been denominated with the letters A, C and D. Each of them entails certain health risks.
Behavior pattern type A is related to cardiovascular disorders. People with behavior pattern type C are more likely to develop cancer. Finally, the type D behavior pattern (or type D personality) is associated with depression and anxiety, and they are more likely to develop coronary heart disease.
Type D personalityType D personality is characterized by maximum containment of negative emotions. People with this personality type systematically inhibit their emotional expressiveness. They are also characterized by consequent social inhibition. In addition, they usually present subjective feelings of tension, anxiety, anger and sadness.
Social inhibition consists of the tendency to inhibit the expression of emotions in social interaction. Negative affectivity is defined as a coping style that produces individual differences in psychological distress, somatic complaints and self-concept.
This combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition is found in people with type D personality, which has a negative impact on their health. For example, it has been shown that depression and social inhibition are factors that can increase mortality from an acute coronary event.
Type D personality and coronary heart diseaseAs we can see, type D personality is strongly associated with mortality in coronary patients. Those who have already suffered a myocardial infarction and who present a type D personality have a higher risk of suffering a second acute episode.
In addition, a type D personality can also promote coronary heart disease indirectly. This is made possible by harmful behaviors such as smoking, overeating and alcohol consumption. There is also a negative impact of this personality pattern on adherence to medical and psychological rehabilitation treatments.
On the other hand, it is noteworthy that a high level of chronic psychosocial stress in coronary patients with type D personality would increase the risk of suffering myocardial ischemia, ventricular arrhythmias and fatal acute events. Thus, type D personality is fundamentally characterized as a predictor of long-term mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Different investigations have found a mortality rate of 23% in patients with type D personality and 7% in patients with other personality types.
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